Rapid urbanization and the increasing level of motorization in large cities have led to a critical shortage of parking space. A significant part of traffic in central areas consists of drivers looking for a free spot, causing congestion and worsening the environmental situation. Existing parking guidance systems (PGS) are usually limited to indicating the availability of free spaces but do not guarantee parking availability upon arrival. The lack of affordable tools for remote reservation of a specific parking spot without installing expensive mechanical barriers hinders the development of parking infrastructure.
The implementation of intelligent systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, capable of combining physical occupancy monitoring with virtual booking, is an urgent task that will optimize the use of parking areas and reduce search time.
Purpose and objectives of the study
The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of closed parking lots and minimize the time spent searching for a free space by developing an automated control system with dynamic booking and light visualization of statuses.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:
1. Analysis of modern methods of parking organization and technical means of vehicle detection.
2. Development of a structural-functional scheme of the system integrating ultrasonic sensors, light indication, and cloud service.
3. Design of the hardware part of the sensor node and calculation of its electrical parameters.
4. Development of a mathematical model of the parking lot as a queuing system to assess the impact of booking on queues.
5. Implementation of software architecture (database, server API, mobile client).
6. Development of a startup project for the commercialization of the proposed technical solution.
The object of research is the process of managing vehicle flows and distributing spaces in automated closed-type parking lots.
The subject of the study is methods, models, and hardware-software tools for monitoring the status of parking spaces and controlling access to them in real time.
Research methods
To solve the assigned tasks, methods of system analysis (for reviewing analogues), circuit design (for developing the sensor node), queuing theory and simulation modeling (for evaluating system efficiency), object-oriented programming, and relational database design (for software implementation) were used.
Practical significance of the results of the dissertation
A full cycle of technical documentation and software for creating the "Smart Parking" system has been developed. The proposed solution allows reducing the average time to find a parking space and can be implemented in existing parking lots of shopping malls and business centers with minimal modernization costs.
Research advisor: H.Bohdan
